Biodiversity Hotspots: Part 2.

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As stated in Part 1, there are 34 regions through out the world with rich biodiversity as covered by BiodiversityHotspots.org. We have already tackled nine (9) for the Americas. Let’s get on with Africa, Europe, adn Centrtal Asia…

Guinean Forest (West Africa). It is home to more than a quarter of West Africa’s mammals, including 20 species of primates. Population growth and human activities like logging, mining, and hunting are taking their toll on various species, particularly Jentink’s duiker, pygmy hippopotamus, and western chimpanzees.

Succulent Karoo (South Africa and Namibia). Home to the most number of succulent plant species in the planet. Around 69% of plants are endemic. Grazing, agriculture and mining, especially for diamonds and heavy metals, threaten this fragile region.

Cape Floristic Region (South Africa). One of only two hotspots that encompass an entire floral kingdom. The vegetation on the Cape is dominated by fynbo, a shrubland comprising of hard-leafed, evergreen, and fire-prone shrubs that thrives on the region’s rocky or sandy nutrient-poor soils. It is also home to the geometric tortoise, the Cape sugar-bird, and a number of antelope species.

Maputaland-Pondoland-Albany (Southern Mozambique, parts of South Africa, Eastern Swaziland). Home to nearly 600 tree species, the highest tree biodiversity of any temperate forest on the planet. Thw comeback of the white rhino is a success story of the region but there area increased threats from industrial expansion, farming, and grazing.

Madagascar and Indian Ocean Islands. The region have an astounding total of eight plant families, four bird families, and five primate families that cannot be found anywhere else. Madagascar alone has 50 lemur species (featured in the animated movie Madagascar). The Seychelles, Comoros and Mascarene islands in the Indian Ocean between them support a number of Critically Endangered bird species.

Coastal Forests of Eastern Africa (coasts of Somalia, Kenya, Tanzania, and Mozambique). The region is home to economically important plant species and a variety of primate species including three endemic and highly threatened monkey species and two endemic species of bushbabies. Agricultural expansion continues as its biggest threat. Horn of Africa (Somalia and parts of Kenya, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Sudan, Oman, yemen, and Saudi Arabia) . The Horn of Africa is also one of the most degraded hotspots in the world, with only about 5 percent of its original habitat remaining.

Eastern Afromontane (found on widely scattered, but biogeographically similar mountain ranges in eastern Africa, from Saudi Arabia and Yemen in the north to Zimbabwe in the south). Contain’s some of the world’s most extraordinary lakes and a vast amount of freshwater fish diversity.

Horn of Africa (Somalia and parts of Kenya, Ethiopia, Entrea, Oman, Yemen, and Saudi Arabia). Home to a number of endemic and threatened antelope, notably threatened species like the beira, the dibatag, and Speke’s gazelle. This hotspot also holds more endemic reptiles than any other region in Africa. Other distinctive endemics include the Somali wild ass and the sacred baboon.

Mediterranean Basin (parts of Spain, France, the Balkan states, Greece, Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Egypt, Libya, Tunisia and Algeria). Its 22,500 endemic vascular plant species are more than four times the number found in all the rest of Europe. The Mediterranean monk-seal, the barbary macaque and the Iberian lynx, which is Critically Endangered, are among the region’s imperiled species.

Caucasus (Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan, the North Caucasian portion of the Russian Federation, the northeastern Turkey, and northwestern Iran). The Caucasus falls in Eurasia so we’ll just include it in Europe. The rugged landscape is home to the two species of highly threatened Caucasian mountain goats.

Irano-Anatolian (Central and Eastern Turkey, part of Southern Georgia, a province of Azerbaijan, Armenia, Northeastern Iraq, Northern and Western Iran, and the Northern Kopet Dagh Range in Turkmenistan).Oaks and Junipers dominate the forests of this region. The famed Silk Road crossed through this hotspot. Many of Turkey’s 1,200 endemic species occur only to the immediate east or west of it. It is home to four endemic and threatened species of vipers.

Mountains for Central Asia (Southern Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Eastern Uzbekistan, Western China, Northeastern Afghanistan, and part of Turkmenistan). The hotspot’s ecosystems is quite varied and range from high glaciers to low desert. It includes a highly threatened and unique type of walnut-fruit forest, which contains ancestors of domestic fruit varieties and is an important storehouse of genetic diversity. A rich variety of ungulates also call the mountains home, including the threatened argali wild sheep.

Next will be the Asia-Pacific region.

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